Our lighting designer friend Thomas Paterson, founder of London- and Mexico City- based Lux Populi, is a bit of zealot when it comes to his mission: he wants to make the principles of good-quality home lighting available to everyone. Fully cognizant of the fact that hiring a lighting designer isn't at the top of most renovators' lists, he's generously agreed to share his tips for lighting every room in the house. First up, the bathroom, one of the most challenging rooms to light well.
Above: In a bathroom by Australian designers Hare + Klein, overhead wall-mounted task lamps are directed to shine into the vanity mirrors for ultimate light reflection on the face. "If you use an exposed lamp, try experimenting with Mirror Crown Lamps, says Paterson referring to what are also known as half-chrome light bulbs. "The light they provide can be softer and more elegant." Photograph by Jenni Hare. Want to try double mirrors in your bathroom? Get some ideas from 10 Favorites: The Multi-Mirrored Bath.
Why are bathrooms difficult to light well?
Small rooms like bathrooms are generally difficult to light because they're prone to shadows, especially if they're cluttered. Add the many angles of light reflection caused by mirrors and the challenges increase significantly.
Above: In this small New York bathroom by Uniform Design, one light fixture performs double duty: it shines into the mirror and uplights onto the white ceiling for enhanced reflection. Uniform Design are experts in the design of small bathrooms; have a look at their work in our post The Architect Is In: Instant Affordable Bathroom Design.
What is the simplest way to light a bathroom?
If you have white or pale walls, the simplest and most effective way to light a bathroom is with diffuse ceiling lights. "A simple glowing center light is a great way to push a lot of light into a bathroom and if you have pale walls, it will bounce and bounce, " says Paterson.
Above: In Michelle McKenna and Brenlen Jinken's Renovated London Town House, the master bath has a ceiling light for overall diffuse illumination and supplemental lighting from wall sconces that flank the mirror.
How effective are sconces for lighting a bathroom?
Sconces can be an effective way to light a bathroom and in a light, bright, reflective bathroom, they can even provide enough light on their own. "It's important to focus on the effect of the fixture as much as the look—turn it on in the store and stand just to the side of it as if it were on the side of a mirror," says Paterson. "Does your face look good? Ask a friend, take a selfie, or whip out the makeup compact."
Above: In this LA Style, Artisan Edition house renovation, DISC Interiors used a pair of sconces on either side of the mirror over the sink. Photograph by D Gilbert Photography.
What about downlights in a bathroom?
If you plan to use downlights—ceiling-inset spotlights—in your bathroom, Paterson has a few warnings: "All too often, people use downlights over the vanity thinking this will light the mirror," he says. "The problem is that the light from downlights goes straight down, and like kids playing with a flashlight, scary shadows occur." Downlights should be positioned close to the mirror with the light directed to shine into the mirror so that the light reflects back out onto your face. To avoid shadows, position downlights around the sides of the room as opposed to the middle. And if you have light-colored countertops, they'll reflect the light back up from the downlights.
Above: In a Victorian Remodel with an Industrial Edge, London architects Stiff + Trevillion position downlights around the sides of the bathroom to avoid shadows. In the vanity and sink area, they also installed vertical light fixtures for up close tasks like make-up application and shaving.
What is the best way to light a mirror for makeup application?
Maximum light for detailed work can be achieved with vertical fluorescent light fixtures positioned on either side of a mirror. "This provides lots of light without shadows and can create very appealing and glamorous light if you use a warm bulb," says Paterson. "On the other hand, if you want the precise light that surgeons require, use a cold white bulb. It all comes down to personal taste."
Above: Architect and interior designer Alexandra Loew of From the Desk of Lola, worked with Dan Weinreber, a founding partner in the lighting design firm Kaplan Gehring McCarroll, to create this Hollywood-style dressing room in Chappaqua, New York. To provide a soft and bright (yet dimmable glow) in the mirror, Weinreber mounted vertical fluorescent bulbs on to the back of the mirror where the silver coating had been sandblasted away to accept the bulbs. When the lights are turned on, the mirror itself has an even surface, and when the lights are turned off, the mirror becomes a seamless wall. "The combination of these side light fluorescents and the adjacent incandescent sconces provides excellent color rendition for skin tones," Loew says. "Everything about the room was intended to make my client look and feel glamorous, which she does—in spades!" Photograph by Justin Bernhaut.
Is there a difference between lighting a dark space and a light space?
For those who prefer their bathrooms without drama, it's best to stick with white or pale walls, where the high level of reflectivity from a few or even one diffuse ceiling light source means less light is needed to do the job. Dark bathrooms are dramatic by nature and to successfully light then requires more thought, not to mention more light. The lack of reflectivity means that the light will only go where you direct it. A well-lit sink and vanity area, for instance, need the light source to come from the front—extending out from the mirror, for instance—not from behind.
Above: In a dark bathroom, the light will only go where it's directed because dark surfaces absorb light rather than reflect it. Image via Domienova.
What's the best way to light a bathroom while avoiding a cluttered look?
Often the smallest room in the house, the bathroom can get filled up with necessities very quickly. One way of streamlining is by creating indirect light and hiding your light source—such as a powerful fluorescent bulb or LED strip—behind a floating mirror three inches off the wall. It's a simple and effective way of adding light to a room without introducing clutter.
Above: In a white-tiled bathroom at The Lakes in the Cotswolds, a Philippe Starck property venture, minimalism is achieved by hiding the light source behind a floating mirror positioned in recessed niche painted a flattering shade of pink.
Bathroom lighting recap:
- Bathrooms require extra care to light well because they're small and the angles of light reflection from mirrors can cause additional complications.
- The simplest and most effective way to light a light-colored bathroom is a diffuse ceiling light.
- Downlights required careful positioning to avoid shadows.
- Vertical lights that flank a mirror provide maximum light without shadows and are ideal for makeup application.
- Light-colored bathrooms reflect light and therefore require less light than dark bathrooms. Dark bathrooms are trickier to get right, but offer opportunities for drama.
See more of Paterson's home lighting principles in Remodeling 101: How to Choose an Overhead Light Fixture, and if you're shopping for lights, have a look at our catalog of favorites. Struggling with the confines of a small powder room? See The White Album: 10 Tiny Powder Rooms for more inspiration. Over on Gardenista, we've got your outdoor lighting needs covered, from Landscape Up-lights and Pathway Lighting to Outdoor Nautical Bulkhead Lighting.